α ij i j 1 2 6 entries of inverse of laminate stiffness matrix relating to membrane.
Tension laminate to form cylinder.
Oo 1 0 fo oz 1 0 fz 6 where oo and oz are the nominal hoop and axial stresses in the tubular specimens and fo and fz are the laminate strengths in uniaxial tension.
Any flexible connector such as a.
Silvering is when bubbles are formed under the laminate because of lack of heat lack of tension or both.
Try feeding the pouch slowly to avoid the problem.
Ply level stresses are the commonly used approach to laminate strength.
One of the laminate coordinates.
In sizing a cylinder to tension the above cable do not add tension in both legs.
Increase the feed spool s tension one of the reasons for bubbling is inadequate tension between the paper and the pouch leading to air getting trapped.
One of the laminate coordinates.
Tension can be measured by a variety of methods and it can be stated in pounds of force tension.
One of the laminate coordinates.
Provide good roll wrap i e 180 web tension and steering for a wrinkle free laminate.
If you don t let your machine warm up to the proper temperature it might form cool spots.
Ratio a b 15 2 7 50.
Tension is the fipullfl in the web or the force that is pulling the web through the machine.
Use multiplier 7 57 shown on same line.
It is important to fiquantifyfl tension by measuring it so that it can be understood controlled and repeated from one job to the next.
Ply tension and compression strengths parallel to the fibers.
Y t y c.
Allow minimum adhesive dwell time of 15 30 minutes before liner removal 24 hours is preferable.
To create a consistent laminated product you want constant tension or strain.
The average stresses in a given ply are used to calculate first ply failure and then subsequent ply failure leading to laminate failure.
Provide adequate and uniform nip roll pressure.
The analysis of laminates by the use of a ply by ply model is presented in section 4 3 and 4 4.
The stretch also known as strain from tension is the paramount issue with lamination.
Tension 7 57 x 3 000 lbs.
The word tension comes from a latin word meaning to stretch not coincidentally the flexible cords that carry muscle forces to other parts of the body are called tendons.
Always laminate to exclude air entrapment.
A common issue in laminating that leads to bubbles may be silvering.
Silvering and lack of tension.
One cylinder will tension both legs of the cable.
Ply tension and compression strengths perpendicular to the fibers.
Laminate failure criteria the maximum stress criterion of failure for a composite laminate subjected to in plane biaxial stresses is.
Don t force the pouch some people push the pouch through the laminator to try and laminate faster but this can cause bubbling.
Enter left column of chart and find ratio 7 50.
X t x c.
